Also known as industry magazines.
Appearance: Generally attractive and are often illustrated with colour photographs.
Audience: Written for industry professionals.
Author/Authority: Articles written by staff writers, though the magazine may sometimes accept articles from industry professionals.
Citations: Occasionally list references at the end of the article or provide footnotes within the text.
Content: Include current events and special features within a particular profession or industry.
Frequency: Usually published biweekly or monthly.
Examples:
Appearance: Generally printed on newsprint in black ink.
Audience: Written for the general public.
Author/Authority: Articles written by staff writers and freelance journalists.
Citations: Will sometimes cite sources, a scholar, or a freelance writer.
Content: Include current events and special features.
Frequency: Usually published daily or weekly.
Examples:
| Popular | Scholarly | |
| Author | Usually not expert in the field; may be journalist, staff writer | Usually expert or respected professional in the field |
| Audience | Usually the general public | Usually academics, researchers, and students |
| Advertising | Will usually contain many commercial advertisements | Usually little, if any, advertising; any ads will be specialized |
| References | Will not usually have references | Will usually include an extensive list of references |
| Language | Usually written at the general level | Specialized vocabulary aimed at experts in the field |
| Length | Shorter articles providing broad overview of topics | Longer articles providing in-depth analysis of topics |
| Publisher | Generally published by commerical enterprise or individual | Mostly published by professional associations or academic institutions |
| Purpose | Focus on current events and general interest topics | Focus on reporting the results of research or experimentation |
| Review Policy | Usually reviewed by editors | Reviewed by peers and experts in the field |
The following directory can be consulted for information on specific periodicals.
Also known as scholarly, refereed, or peer-reviewed journals.
Appearance: Generally have a sober, serious look. May contain graphs and charts, but few glossy pages or photographs. Use scholarly language with vocabulary specific to their profession or field.
Audience: Written for academics and professionals.
Author/Authority: Articles written by researchers or scholars in the field who report the results of original research.
Citations: Articles include footnotes and a list of citations at the end of the article.
Content: Includes scholarly research for a particular profession or industry.
Frequency: Usually published bimonthly or quarterly.
Examples:
Appearance: Generally attractive and illustrated with colour photographs.
Audience: Written for the general public.
Author/Authority: Articles written by staff or freelance writer.
Content: Includes current events and special features.
Frequency: Usually published weekly or monthly.
Examples:
